Aristophanes Assemlywomen and Lysistrata Essay -- Athenian Athens Gen

Aristophanes' Assemlywomen and Lysistrata Typically in Athenian society, women took care of the things in the household while men, although still retaining the final say over matters of the household, focused most of their attention on the world outside the home. In the plays Assemblywomen and Lysistrata, Aristophanes explores roles of men and women in society, specifically what would happen if women were to take on the roles of men. Looking at these two plays about Athenian society as metaphors for marital life, it shows that men and women were incapable of having balanced power in their relationships. In both of these plays, the men were unable to keep their own sense of power when the women took over politics, and they eventually moved into the submissive role of women. In Lysistrata, the women used their seduction to gain power. Similarly, in Assemblywomen, the women came into power through deception and clever planning. This paper explores why women rarely stepped up to take power; how they would gain power when they would step up to claim it; and how the men would respond once confronted with a woman in power. This all serves to show that in Athens, a marriage of man and woman could not exist with mutuality of power – rather, one (typically the man) would dominate, while the other (typically the woman) took the submissive role. Throughout both Lysistrata and Assemblywomen, both the men and women were convinced, to varying degrees, that the women were incapable of handling any kind of authority or challenging task. In fact, only the dominant, leader women (Lysistrata and Praxagora) of the two plays had enough confidence to handle a position of power. These women have been brought up i... ...brought this power imbalance to the open, however, by exploring what would happen if women took the initiative to claim the dominant rold in society. The women, when able to successfully overcome the men and take power in the city, left the men with no choice but to either fight to regain the power, as they attempted to do in Lysistrata, or succumb to the women’s plans, as they did in both Assemblywomen and, eventually, Lysistrata. In relinquishing their power to women, the men forfeited their masculinity and became stereotypically feminine while the women also forfeited their gender norms to stay in power. Athenian unions, therefore, subsisted on a constant inequality of power kept carefully balanced by each partner staying in their designated role in the marriage – the husband the strong moneymaker living outside of the house, the wife the submissive homemaker.

“A Separate Peace” by John Knowles Essay

One of the major themes in A Separate Peace is the coming of age. The theme of maturity can be viewed as a growing realization of the war in the school (in which the students realize that they have to enlist into the war â€Å"as men†), or the private and interior crisis one goes through (such as Gene discovering his identity as the novel progresses). The training and the sudden labors that the Devon students engage in attempt to prepare the boys for their future at the war; this can be seen as the external view of maturity in the novel, whereas the â€Å"internal† view of maturity can be seen in Gene’s thoughts as he searches for his personal identity. Throughout the novel, both Gene and Finny experience important yet damaging issues in their life where they realize the need to face the reality of it or become lost forever. As Gene discovers in the end, true identity can only be reached through maturity. Gene and the students of Devon experience a sense of maturity through the sudden change in their once peaceful and war-shunning environment of the summer. In the beginning of the novel, we can see that Devon is like a â€Å"Garden of Eden†; it resembles a paradise in the center of all the wars and deaths that are happening outside Devon’s barriers. Devon is seen as a milieu within a larger milieu (the rest of America at war). It seems that the students have lived their summer in a peaceful bubble of â€Å"Eden† in contrast with the background of World War II in the rest of the world. The summer of 1942 at Devon can be symbolized as the time of freedom and the exposure of youth; this is a moment in the novel where the students can get away with breaking rules and skipping classes. Therefore, the carefree summer of 1942 represents a time of paradise, where everyone is at peace and simply enjoying life at its fullest. However, Finny’s symbolic â€Å"fall† seems to have brought an end to this delight at Devon and brings in the winter session, where there is labour, orders, discipline, darkness, and despair. This is the moment when the teachers of Devon realize that the students are just on their way of serving the army. The students begin to participate in drills and trips to the railroad and orchard to help out in every way they can. In contrast to the summer of Devon, the winter represents the burdens of maturity and adulthood, and a  time where preparation of the war replaces the joyful atmosphere that was present in the summer. The boys of Devon suddenly feel that they must be responsible and â€Å"established† in order to face whatever their future brings them in the war. They all realize that they must smarten up and become men, because it is time to face the reality of what is going on behind Devon’s peaceful barriers. The phrase â€Å"Innocence must be killed to give birth to experience† says a lot about this time in the novel. Though the teachers had given the students more freedom during the summer and allowed several rule-breakings to take place, they understand that in order for the students to be ready and prepared for the coming conflicts in the army they must stop acting like children and sacrifice their state of immaturity to gain knowledge as adults. They understand that children cannot survive in wars, but men can. Later, the students realize that they must enlist themselves to serve for the army within a short period of time. Most of them become excited about becoming a solider for army, but then the novel takes an ironic twist with the students’ beliefs of the war because they do not yet know the real dangers and certainties of the outside of the barriers of Devon (regarding the world war). An example of such â€Å"blind thinking† was Leper becoming the first to join the war, thinking that he will gain more time in the forest afterwards, but returns devastated and emotionally shattered. His confrontation with Gene proves that there is a war out there and it is horrible as well. Gene, after realizing that he may also suffer from the same mental state as Leper if he enlisted, runs away screaming, â€Å"Shut up; it has nothing to do with me so shut up!†. Here we can see that Gene realizes some truth about the war, and no matter how much he tries to deny the horrible details and evidences that Leper brings back from the outside of Devon he gains new insight and wisdom. It is in this sense as well that Gene matures through the pressures of the war in the background, and that he cannot run from it because it is reality and he has to face it when it is his turn to enlist. The presence of the war, in a sense, also serves as a background for the  emotional development of the students at Devon; the world war actually triggers the buried emotions of the boys. Gene, Finny, and Brinker (for example) become competitive in their own ways; Gene compares his academic standards with Finny’s natural talents for sports, Finny shows a â€Å"win-win† competitive nature towards Gene in the games that they have played together (though he is out of the â€Å"war† mentally)), and Brinker feels insecure about his popularity due to Finny. Each character feels unconfident and is therefore â€Å"at war† with himself. In this novel, the ability to fix these inner conflicts seems to sadly result in either death (like Finny), or insanity (like Leper). For Finny, since he is unable to face certain feelings, he ends up becoming upset at the mock trial and dies in the second accident. Leper, on the other hand, believed that by enlisting first would b ring him out from his loneliness, yet returns from the war in a far worse shape. Gene, however, goes through a more painful process by remaining in Devon to fight for salvation within himself. Because the view of maturity in an emotional development is mostly seen in Gene (as narrator, we could see his thought-process as the novel progresses), I will use his private conflicts as an example to further support my thesis. In the beginning of the book, Gene develops a close relationship with Finny, his roommate. However, Gene begins to feel a bit envious of Finny, and sees his way of thinking as the truth. This then lead to an inner conflict in Gene, in which he begins to compare himself with Finny in a â€Å"Win-Lose† way of thinking. As his thinking of â€Å"competition† continues, Gene begins to see certain â€Å"flaws† within himself that leads to his insecurity, though these â€Å"missing traits† are not really flaws. He does tend to â€Å"hold himself back† several times by repeatedly telling himself how lucky he is to have Finny as a best friend, but this excuse soon shatters because he remains selfish. This selfishness of him reveals itself in chapter three, where Finny practically saves Gene from falling, but Gene tries to protect his beliefs of â€Å"Finny being the enemy† by telling himself that it was Finny’s fault for getting him into the me ss in the first place. At the same time, Gene’s admiration for Finny’s personality prevents him from refusing to go out with  Finny; it is in this state that Gene is actually a confused young man, who does not know the true value of friendship, and cannot correct the jealousy that he feels for Finny. The jealousy continues to grow, and soon enough Gene jounces the limb in chapter five, resulting in Finny’s fall. As I have said before, Gene is then forced to review what he has done to Finny and take a good look at himself; his mind, feeling extremely guilty for his actions, pressures him so much about the accident that he is forced to grow up. We see the final stage of maturity in Gene when he realizes near the end of the novel that he needs to become a grown-up and confront his personal war face-to-face once and for all; he confesses to Finny about his part in the accident, and finally gains Finny’s forgiveness and a sense of salvation. It was in this confession that Gene is f orced to see his stupidity and selfishness behind some of his actions. His act of courage to go to Finny and confess is evidence that he has finally grown. The conflict that he feels inside (regarding his relationship with Finny) becomes the source of his final emotional development; because of the â€Å"accident† the he had committed against Finny’s fall, Gene is forced to examine his own feelings over and over again throughout the novel. This repeated painful examination of his feelings and guilt results in growth; by really looking in himself, Gene realizes that he has to be responsible for his actions. It is when Gene finally reaches his peak of maturity that he begins to see his true identity in the end of the novel. Gene has emerged from a sort of shyness into a more confident attitude; he was influenced by Finny to learn about people, events, and life in a way that he had never before. In short, Gene needed Finny in order to realize himself. And sadly, Finny’s death leads to the eulogy that Gene makes in the last chapter, where he remembers the lessons that he was taught during his personal war at Devon. The theme of maturity in A Separate Peace can be reflected from the pressures that Gene (and the others students) endures during the drills, labors, and strict rules at Devon; this can be categorized as the â€Å"external† features of the theme, as well as the background of the novel. However, the theme of coming to age can also be seen in Gene’s heart, as he participates in an emotional struggle within himself prior to Finny’s character. We can see that Gene becomes jealous and envious of Finny, but then there seems to be a development in his character as he slowly begins to realize the truth. In a sense, Gene reaches maturity and becomes an adult after Finny dies, as he realizes that his own enemy was not Finny but his ignorant heart. Both the external and internal features of maturity in this novel gives meaning to the phrase, â€Å"Innocence must be killed to give birth to experience†; the students had to leave their peaceful state in the summer of 1942 and began to get used to the rigors of war and labor to fully understand the realities of war; at the same time, if Finny had not suffered and eventually died in the end, Gene would not have reflected on himself and grow from his experiences in the past. As Gene discovered in the end, true identity can only be reached through a state of maturity. â€Å"A Separate Peace† By John Knowles Essay In â€Å"A Separate Peace† by John Knowles, it is evident that Finny and Leper undergo the most traumatic experiences from the Class of 1943. Through these experiences, both characters lose much of their innocence and naivety. Finny, upon learning of the existence of the war and Gene’s moment of hatred, learns to accept realities and perceive the world as it is, not as the perfect childlike image he wants it to be. However, when Leper enlists in the army, he quickly begins to have hallucinations because the reality is too much for him to handle. Nevertheless, he eventually overcomes his insanity and seems to be fairly mentally stable by the end of the novel. Although Finny and Leper’s traumas are the source of a major loss of purity and childhood, they are also the cause of post-tramautic growth and a necessary increase in maturity. Finny goes through several perception-changing events during the course of the novel, but the event that cements his departure from childhood is the acceptance that Gene deliberately shook Finny off the tree. This shock was caused by his own inability to accept the truth in the first place. Despite the ease of denying unwanted information and living in a dream world, it is mentally unhealthy for Finny because of the shock caused upon finally believing the truth. Immediately after Gene’s confession of jouncing the limb, Gene remarks that Finny looked â€Å"older than I had ever seen him† (62). Finny, however, does not yet comprehend feelings of jealousy and betrayal, as he has hardly had any himself and finds it difficult to think of another’s point of view; the information registers on his face, but before he has time to process it and mature he rejects the idea entirely. Gene states â€Å"it occurred to me that this could be an even deeper injury than what I ha d done before† (62). The reality of adult themes such as jealousy, betrayal, and hate is what hurts Finny most, not the crippling injury itself. Another reality that takes away from Finny’s nescience is the war (when he finally believes in its existence). The most dramatic and stunning war in recent history, World War II had a huge impact on millions of lives worldwide. Yet Phineas refused to believe in the war, and instead created a fantasy in which he was the one of the only people who knew that it was all a hoax. When Gene, in disbelief from Finny’s opinion, questions Finny on why he is the only person who is aware of the â€Å"stuffed shirts'† (107) plot to  suppress happiness, Finny emotionally bursts out it is because he has â€Å"suffered† (108). Apparently, Finny has visualized this hoax to shield himself from the disadvantages of his disability, such as enlisting. Nevertheless, Finny quickly accepts the truth of the war after seeing Leper in a mentally disturbed state of mind. The image of what the war did to someone who used to be close to him shook him out of his dream world and spurred his emotional growth. When Finny, at the end of the novel, learned to accept the realities and avoid using denial to cope with shock, he lost the last of his childhood innocence. Leper is easily one of the most naive and innocent characters during the Summer Session. His good-naturedness and passive fascination with nature is such an ideal image of innocence that it seems almost depressing to see him in the traumatized state of mind after enlisting. Even while everyone is volunteering to shovel snow to aid the war effort and discussing their plans for which division to enlist in, Leper is only concerned with the beauty of nature and skis to a beaver dam to watch the beavers develop and build their dam. He is moved to join the army not for vain images of glory and glamor like the other students, but rather for the beauty of skiing down a mountain. Obviously, he soon finds that the army is too much for him, and while absent from the ongoings at Devon he loses every shred of innocence and guilelessness that previously surrounded his character. When Gene meets him, his psyche is obviously changed to such a point that he has hallucinations and other symptoms of sc hizophrenia, caused by his rapid ascension into adult matters. He does not accept reality nearly as well as Finny does because his character was far more innocuous at the start of the novel. So many of his images of the world are shattered that it can be seen that he feels like he has little familiarity to hold onto. He grasps to every gleam of regularity and unchangeable function, which explains his preference for spending time in the dining room of his house simply because he knows that three daily meals will be served there on a consistent basis. However, his time at home seems to have given him time to cope with the images of adulthood. Upon his return to Devon, he seems mentally well and a much more decisive authority than ever before. He accurately and forcefully convicts Gene of jouncing the limb in â€Å"his new, confident†¦ voice† (166).  Gene describes Leper during the trial as â€Å"all energy† (165). Evidently, Leper has dealt with the loss of innocence caused by his abrupt initiation into adulthood and has becom e a more confident, self-assured person in spite of it. Knowles makes it apparent throughout A Separate Peace that while the loss of innocence may often seem to be a sad or tragic event, it is necessary to pave the way for maturation and a transition into adulthood. Had Finny never accepted the truth of the tragedy that occurred to him, he would have never matured beyond his carefree summer days. And had Leper kept living in his own world of vivid imaginations, he would have never developed into the sanguine individual he becomes at the end of the novel. While the loss of innocence is partly a lugubrious experience, John Knowles portrays it as a necessity – a part of maturation and growth that leads to adulthood and self-fulfillment.

Author Profile Maya Angelou - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 987 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Maya Angelou Essay Did you like this example? Author Profile: Maya Angelou   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dr. Maya Angelou, award winning author, poet, actress, director, dancer, educator, and activist was birthed with the name Marguerite Johnson on April 4th, 1928 in St. Louis, Missouri. I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, is one of her most famous pieces of work that describes her life in her younger years. At a young age, her parents separated which resulted in her and her older brother being sent to live with her grandmother in Stamps, Arkansas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the age of seven, Angelou was sexually molested by her mothers boyfriend at the time. After gaining the courage to speak up about what her mothers boyfriend had did to her, Angelous uncles killed him out of vengeance. Coping with such a horrific and traumatic experience, the young seven-year-old, went into a five-year period of complete silence.   During this prolonged mute, she developed a love for literature. Angelou finally began to speak again at the age of twelve with the help of a someone dear to her by the name of Mrs. Flowers. Angelou went on to write a childrens book Mrs. Flowers: A Moment of Friendship. In this book, Angelou shares how much of an impact Mrs. Flowers had on her from exposing her to her new profound love of spoken word and written poetry and the importance of being educated. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Author Profile: Maya Angelou" essay for you Create order   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After while in high school, Angelou accepted a scholarship to California Labor School in San Francisco where she studied dance and acting. At the age of seventeen, she gave birth to her son, Guy Johnson, whos father was from a short-lived high school relationship. In order to support herself and her new born son, she worked as a street car conductor becoming the first African American and first female to hold this position. In her third autobiography, Singin and Swingin and Gettin Merry like Christmas, Angelou shares how she worked several different jobs to make ends meet for the family of two. In 1950, she married a Greek sailor by the name of Tosh Angelos. After a few years, the two divorced. Shortly after, she was a featured in the Purple Onion cabaret as a singer who gained the attention of many scouts. As her career began to take shape, she began re-branding herself. Using a childhood nickname and part of her ex husbands last name, she began to refer to herself as Maya Angelou. Angelou earned a role in the Porgy and Bess production tour, and Calypso Heat Wave. She later released her first album, Miss Calypso. Along with her long resume of accolades, Angelou earned a Tony Award nomination, and an Emmy Award nomination. She joined the Harlem Writers Guild which is where she met writer James Baldwin. She was In the 1960s Angelou moved abroad to work as a freelance writer and editor first living in Egypt, and then Ghana. After returning to the United States in 1964, she published her autobiography I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings which was a nationwide success and her most famous work. Out of her 7 published autobiographies, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings   was her bestselling piece but was also the one of the most publicly controversial.   Upon its release, the autobiography was banned from many schools because of its topics of race, violence, and sex. Maya Angelou took fifteen years to write the A Song Flung up to Heaven to one of her last autobiographies. When asked why it took so long to be completed and published, she told interviewers that she didnt know how to account for four years of hurt to not only her but the entire African American community and yet remain encouraging. In this volume, she covers the assassination of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr., the Watts riot, and her divorce. While writing her volumes of autobiographies, Maya Angelou also had a career in film and author of childrens books. She became the first African American woman to produce a screenplay. In 1977, she was an Emmy nominee for her role in Roots. Poetry used in the 1993 film Poetic Justice was written by Angelou, she also starred in the film in the role of Aunt June. In 1993 and 1995, she also starred in the films There Are No Children Here and How to Make an American Quilt. In between film and writing her autobiographies, Angelou, released a number of poems. Her most popular were The Complete Collected Poems of Maya Angelou and Phenomenal Woman. Maya Angelou is ranked among the literary greats of the world.   I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings which was her first autobiography published in 1970. After years of being banned from schools around the country, later became paramount to the discussion of African American literature. It tells her life story, bring controversial topics to the surface, as well as exposes readers to great writing examples. Her two poems Still I Rise and Phenomenal Woman are of favorites for many, especially women. They are both very relatable poems. Still I Rise encourages readers to not allow the stress of the world to consume you and break you down but continue to rise and confidently defeat whatever obstacle may come. Phenomenal Woman is a poem about self-esteem. It empowers women to be confident and self-loving regardless to who else may not your value. All of which are relevant to contemporary society and arguable more relevant than ever.   There is an alarming increasing rate of young women who are seeking cosmetic surgery to change their physical appearance. All 3 pieces reflect on this matter; from a persons upbringing and childhood experiences, to their mental and spiritual health. Dr. Maya Angelou has achieved more in than many could ever dream of. Being able to juggle the role as an African American single mother, author, actress, director, singer, poet, civil rights activist, writer, dancer, editor, essayist and playwright, all in one lifetime is unfathomable to many and a lifetime inspiration to all.

Primary Care Practices For An Existing Ehr System - 933 Words

The goal of my case study was to understand the current use of EHRs in primary care practices. The objectives were to determine whether primary care practices are using advance EHR functions, what challenges they face, and how advanced functions are successfully incorporated into the care they provide. The case was a qualitative case study of 6 primary care practices with an existing EHR system in the state of Virginia only. The selection was based on a maximum variation of quality-related activities, location, and ownership. The sample included small independent practices as well as practices that are fully owned and operated by larger healthcare systems. The practices had only 1 to 9 physicians and were reimbursed $2000 for data collection efforts. A multidisciplinary research team did the data collection in order to draw different perspectives. The team included subject matter experts from family medicine, healthcare management, information technology, nursing, and social work. Data was derived from three onsite visits. The onsite visits included in-depth interviews and observations of interpersonal relations and the National Survey of Physician Organizations over a 16-month period (2010 to 2011). The interviews conducted onsite were audiotaped and transcribed. Data was also collected from telephone interviews. There was no information provided about the phone interviews other then that they were conducted. The information was gathered from 38 individualsShow MoreRelatedThe Implementation of an Electronic Health Records System: Advantages and Disadvantages1784 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿RUNNING HEAD: Implementation of Electronic Health Records System Implementation of Electronic Health Records System Student Name University Name Abstract The preceding paper discusses the implementation of Electronic Health Records (EHR) in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of the implementation of EHR have been highlighted in the paper. 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Representation of Indigenous Cultures in the Rabbits and...

Representation of Indigenous Cultures Since the European settlement of Australia, the Indigenous people have been represented in a myriad of ways. The Rabbits (1998), an allegorical picture book by John Marsden (writer) and Shaun Tan (illustrator) and Rabbit Proof Fence (2002), a film directed by Phillip Noyce, are just two examples of this. Techniques such as music, changing camera angles and symbolism are utilised in Rabbit Proof Fence to represent the Aboriginal people as strong-willed and spiritual and in The Rabbits, exaggeration, different colour themes and perspective are used to portray the Aborigines as technologically inferior and overwhelmed against the Europeans. In both texts, the Indigenous people are represented as†¦show more content†¦When the girls do collapse onto the ground, Molly sees an eagle soaring in the sky above them. This eagle, as explained by Molly’s mother in opening scene, was a symbol of protection and safety in Aboriginal culture. The appearance of this eagle in their time of need emphasises how the Aboriginals are truly bonded, psychologically and physically, to their land and culture. In this scene, the camera shifts back and forth between their elders back at Jigalong and the girls in the desert. This constant transition conveys the relationship between the girls (protected by the eagle) and the elders praying in an Aboriginal dialect for the girl’s safety. With these few examples, we can see how the Indigenous people have a special bond with their land through their cultural religion, which, in return, assists them when it is needed. Powerlessness of the Numbats (Aboriginals) against the Rabbits (Europeans) in The Rabbits is shown through the use of words within the mise en scene. Within this picture book, Marsden contributes to the meaning of the story to the readers through very short, but powerful sentences such as: â€Å"Sometimes we had fights/But there were too many rabbits/We lost the fights.† The way these sentences are structured so that it places emphasise the appropriate scenario that is occurring in each panel. With Shaun Tan, he conveys the powerless nature of the Indigenous by placing theShow MoreRelatedRabbit Proof Fence By Sally Morgan Essay1911 Words   |  8 PagesMy Place by Sally Morgan and Rabbit-Proof Fence by Phillip Noyce successfully portray the isolation, identity and discrimination of Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders. Although being set in different time periods, both texts explore the effects of the stolen generation on Indigenous Australians and how they fit within society. Sally Morgan characterises herself as an outcast within school symbolising the isolation of Indigenous Australians within society. In contrast with Morgan,Read MoreThe Concept Of Tracking Is An Essential Skill To The Aboriginal1564 Words   |  7 Pagessignificant role in Aboriginal history because it molded the relationship between the Aboriginals and the white settlers. In the movie adaptation of the novel Follow the Rabbit Proof Fence, the tracker illustrates how perceptions of trackers can transform by witnessing the struggle of the tracker living in both white society and aboriginal culture. Therefore, in both the movie and the novel, tracking demonstrates how it has impacted the history of Australia and helped shaped the image of Australia in whichRead MoreAustralia and Indigenous People954 Words   |  4 Pagesthat ‘lucky’ for marginalized groups in Australia, the literature of these marginalized groups in Australia certainly substantiates this point†. Many sources of literature suggest that Australia is not considered the lucky country for migrants, indigenous and other marginalized groups of people living in Australian society. Privileged Australians would say that Australia is the ‘lucky country’ and for them it may be but it certainty isn’t for everyone. So, what makes Australia appear to be the unluckyRead MoreEducation and Australian Marginalized Groups1101 Words   |  4 Pagesthat ‘lucky’ for marginalized groups in Australia, the literature of these marginalized groups in Australia certainly substantiates this point†. Many sources of literature suggest that Australia is not considered the lucky country for migrants, indigenous and other marginalized groups of people living in Australian society. Privileged Australians would say that Australia is the ‘lucky country’ and for them it may be but it certainty isn’t for everyone. So, what makes Australia appear to be the unluckyRead MoreDoes Marginalization Cause Bullying?822 Words   |  3 Pagesthe fact that she has grown-up up under false pretences. In the book she states that â€Å"I was black, I was a servant† not only is this heart wrenching but it represents that she was nothing but a servant for just being born an Aboriginal. Another representation of marginalisation is where Sally states in her book that â€Å"She didn’t even give me a place to sleep, I had to find my own place.† This is outright outrageous and represents white people as hard and uncaring individuals. Sally Morgan values herRead MoreBelonging Essay4112 Words   |  17 Pagesand private. cultural context is complex and refers generally to way of life, lifestyle, customs, traditions, heritage, habits - civilisation. More specifically, it refers to intellectual and artistic awareness, education and discernment. Popular culture refers to the Arts, the humanities, intellectual achievement, literature, music, painting and philosophy. historical context refers to the factual and documented evidence of a set time, either of the composer and/or the text. social context refers

Nursing Care Plan Common Diseases

Question: Discuss about theNursing Care Plan for Common Diseases. Answer: Secondary Prevention: Asthma is one of the common diseases of the childhood. This can happen due to the gene environment interplay. As per the case scenario, Stuart has asthma form the early childhood but he stooped to visit the doctor after leaving his home at the age 19. In such condition, the nurse should arrange the oxygen cylinder for him at first and anti allergic injection should be pushed. Matricardi (2014) mentioned that patients should avoid ventolin puffer without asking the GP form a discount chemist. However, Stuart did the same thing and lied to the chemist to buy the product. The nurse can provide the patient H1 antihistamine cetirizine and antihistamine H1 ketotifen, which will give relief to Stuart. The nurse should check the heart beat of the patient and oxygen mask should be put on (Pechter 2014). The nurse should advise Stuart to quit smoking if he has the habit of smoking and should avoid the dust. Primary Prevention: Avoid the smoking and dusts in the workplace Stay in well ventilated house and avoid the dump house. Use proper doses of puffs and should not change the doses without asking the doctors and nurses (Beasley, Semprini and Mitchell 2015) Provide subcutaneous immunotherapy and sublingual immunotherapy. Avoid the allergic foods and substances. The nurse needs to give anti allergic injection to Stuart after he has been admitted to the hospital (Tartibian, Yaghoobnezhad and Abdollahzadeh 2014) The necessary tests like ECG, nitric oxide test, allergy test and sputum eosinophils test. The nurse should teach Stuart after his recovery about the use of inhaler. The chest x-ray is necessary to check the position of the lungs and computerized tomography scan is necessary to check the nasal condition. Health Condition of Pathophysiology: Bronchoconstriction: this is a clinical symptom of asthma. The airflow rate is decreased and the air path became narrow for which the patient feels difficulty in inspiration and expiration (Jackson 2014). Airway edema: the inflammation increases with time and mucus plugs is formed that includes the hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Airway hyperresponiseness: airway hyperresponsiveness is the exaggerated bronchoconstrictor that has a major impact on the patient. The dysfunctional neurogulation happens. Airway remodelling: the airflow became limited and partially reversible. The lung function can be reduced. The cell structure became changed. Goals of Care: The care plan gives the direction to the particular care to a particular patient. A care plan should be unique for the individual patients. The care plan includes the proper communication and consult with the other nursing staffs (Jackson et al. 2014). For the asthma patient, the nurse should be very careful before confirming his diet or medication. The nurse should know the patient history first that in which food, the patient allergy or problem. The nursing plan should have proper goals, treatment plan and proper outcomes. The nursing plan should be documented properly and presented to the patient and his family to teach them about the treatment. References Beasley, R., Semprini, A. and Mitchell, E.A., 2015. Risk factors for asthma: is prevention possible?.The Lancet,386(9998), pp.1075-1085. Jackson, D.J., 2014. Early Life Viral Infections and the Development of AsthmaA Target for Asthma Prevention?.Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology,14(2), p.131. Jackson, D.J., Hartert, T.V., Martinez, F.D., Weiss, S.T. and Fahy, J.V., 2014. Asthma: NHLBI workshop on the primary prevention of chronic lung diseases.Annals of the American Thoracic Society,11(Supplement 3), pp.S139-S145. Matricardi, P.M., 2014. Allergen?specific immunoprophylaxis: Toward secondary prevention of allergic rhinitis?.Pediatric Allergy and Immunology,25(1), pp.15-18. Pechter, E., 2014, June. Primary Prevention of Asthmathe Role of Occupational Asthma in Pushing the Agenda. In2014 CSTE Annual Conference. Cste. Tartibian, B., Yaghoobnezhad, F. and Abdollahzadeh, N., 2014. Effects of Physical Activity and Sleep Quality in Prevention of Asthma.Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology Advances,1(4), pp.356-359.

Corporate Finance Productions of Accessories

Question: Describe about the Corporate Finance for Productions of Accessories. Answer: Company overview: Billabong international limited is a surf company, which functions as clothing retailer. The company is also engaged in the productions of accessories like watches, backpacks, skateboard and snowboard under the same brand name. Gordon and Rena Merchant founded the company in the year 1973. As the company started developing further it acquired new brands and number of retail outlets to expand its business beyond the boundaries of wholesale. The company first traded on the stock exchange of Australia on 11 August 2000. It is worth mentioning that from the late 2012 the company experienced a declining period. The company has been the subject of protracted bidding process in which the former chief of Billabong has been a key participant. However, it should be noted that from last couple of years the company has undertaken the strategy of corporate turnaround to return to the profitability. Analysis: A detailed analysis of Billabong International is performed with the help of financial ratios in order to understand the business and operating functions of the company. The ratios provides an insight into the guidelines of the company and a special focus is paid to identify the special issues concerning the business. To begin with the analysis several parameters are undertaken to evaluate the performance such as profitability, efficiency, liquidity, gearing and investment ratio. Profitability: Profitability ratio are those class of ratios which defines the fiscal metrics of an organisation by evaluating the business ability to generate earnings in comparison to the business expenditure and other important cost incurred during a specified period of time (Cantoni, 2012). In the current evaluation of Billabong financial situation the profitability ratio is undertaken consisting of the gross profit ratio, net profit ratio, return on capital, assets and equity. The gross profit ratio of Billabong for the financial year of 2014 consists of 50.4 while in the year 2015 the ratio stood 52.9. The gross profit reflects a growth of 2.5% prior to the previous year cash and cash equivalent and other short-term are readily convertible to the amount of cash (Sridharan, 2015). While on the other hand, the net profit ratio does not reflects a positive scenario as net profit reflects a negative amount of -20.84 since the company was under the loss and reported a net loss of $202,949 million from its continuing operations. Profitability 2014-03 2015-03 Net Margin Ratio -20.84 0.39 The net profit ratio for the financial year 2015 reflecting a positive view as it grew to 0.39% as the company reported a profit of $2,552 million. The return on capital and return on assets for the financial year of 2014 stood -32.73 and -26.49 respectively due to the significant and prolonged decline in the fair value of the cost of assets (Kim, et al., 2013). Profitability 2014-03 2015-03 Return on Assets -26.49 0.53 This is due to the cumulative loss on acquisition cost and current value of market. However, the company reported a growth in 2015 with return on assets and capital employed stood 0.53 and 5.17 respectively since the company introduced the strategy of corporate turnaround to return to profitability. Profitability 2014-03 2015-03 ROEC -32.73 5.17 Liquidity: The liquidity ratio is concerned with the liquid assets and the liabilities of a bank. The framework measures the ability of the company to pay off its long-term debts and liabilities as and when they become due. The liquidity ratio of Billabong consists of current ratio quick ratio along with inventory turnover ratio. The current ratio of the company seems to be stable as in the financial year of 2014 and 2015 represents 2.2 and 2.19 respectively. There is no such significant change in the ratio as the company is capable enough to pay off its long-term debt and short term liabilities (Kim, et al., 2013). While the quick ratio on the other hand represents 1.32 and 1.35 since the cash and cash, equivalents in the balance sheet stood 153, 334 and 145,070 respectively. The cash and cash equivalents consist of the deposits, which are held, in the financial institutions. Liquidity Ratio 2014-03 2015-03 Current Ratio 2.2 2.19 The Liquidity ratio is largely used to analyse the effective use of the companys assets and liabilities internally. The ratio usually takes into the considerations the time it takes to collect cash from its customers and the time undertaken to convert its inventory in to cash (DoÄÅ ¸an, 2013). Thus, it is worth mentioning that whatever be the environment of the company it must make an optimum utilisation of its assets to understand the operational functionality. Liquidity Ratio 2014-03 2015-03 Quick Ratio 1.32 1.35 The fixed assets turnover ratio of Billabong represents 1.27 and 1.35 for the financial year of 2014 and 2015 respectively. The financial assets were valued at fair amount and the profit and loss are subsequently carried at fair value. The translation differences between the two financial year is largely related to the change in the amount of amortised cost and other changes in the carrying amount were identified by Billabong. Efficiency Ratio 2014 2015 Fixed Assets Turnover 10.53 11.44 The liquidity ratio of Billabong also consists of Receivables turnover, which represents the 6.26 and 6.61 for the financial year of 2014 and 2015 respectively. These changes represents that the receivables are identified at initially fair value on the date at which it is invoiced on a thirty-day policy (Bandt et al., 2014). They are represented as the current assets unless the collection is anticipated for more than 12 months after the balance sheet date. The inventory turnover ratio for the financial year 2014 and 2015 represents 2.49 and 2.7 respectively. Liquidity Ratio 2014-03 2015-03 Inventory Turnover 2.49 2.7 This shows that those raw materials are determined by the organisation through using the FIFO method, which estimates the actual cost, involved including the direct materials and direct labour. The company allocates the inventory under the normal operating capacity after determining the rebates and discounts (Clor-Proell et al., 2015). On the other hand, the assets turnover ratio represents 1.27 and 1.35 for the financial year of 2014 and 2015 respectively. The assets are carried and amortised at cost by the organisation (Delen, et al., 2013). The company values the financial assets at fair value through the help of profit and loss account. It is worth mentioning that the financial assets are recorded on the date of trade on which the company commits its self to purchase or sell the assets of the ownerships. Management also classifies the assets at initial recognition date until it is held to maturity by re-evaluating the assets at the time of their disposal. The accounts receivables ratio shows the same amount for the financial year of 2014 and 2015 respectively with 20.46 is estimated as the average days of accounts receivable by the organisation (Sridharan, 2015). This represents that the collectability of the trade receivables is largely viewed because of ongoing accounting entries by the organisation. An allowance is also established by the organisation with the objective that group will not be able to collect all the amounts of the receivables. Gearing ratio: Gering ratio can be defined as the ratio, which compares the owners equity with the funds borrowed by the equity owners. The ratio is primarily concerned with the measurement of proportion of companys borrowed funds in contrast to its equity. The gearing ratio of the company represents the figure of 0.76 and 0.91 for the financial year of 2014 and 2015 respectively (Robinson et al., 2015). The borrowing of company is usually recognised at the fair value for the net transactions cost incurred. Therefore, the ratio signifies that any difference between the proceeds and redemption amount should be recognised in the income statement over the period covered. On the other hand, the gearing ratio of the company also includes Debt ratio. Gearing 2014-03 2015-03 Debt ratio 1.23 1.08 The debt ratio consists of 1.23 and 1.08 for the financial year of 2014 and 2015 respectively. The debt ratio indicates that the debts incurred by the company are at cost for the construction of qualifying assets are capitalised during a period of accounting year in order to complete and prepare the assets which is intended to be used for sale. Hence, the other borrowing cost consist of long term debt and expenses (Kim, et al., 2013). Gearing 2014-03 2015-03 Interest Coverage -0.64 0.41 The gearing ratio also consists of the interest coverage ratio which represents a negative value for the financial year of 2014 however, the ratio grew to a positive benchmark with 0.41 for the financial year of 2015. Gearing 2014-03 2015-03 Gearing Ratio 0.76 0.91 Investment ratio: Investing can be considered as a daunting task and very often a complex procedure. This ratio is largely used by the investors in order to estimate the attractiveness of a potential or existing investment opportunity in an organisation and obtain an idea of the valuation. Thus, this ratio primarily attempts to simplify the relationship between the money invested and the amount of profits derived from it (Clor-Proell et al., 2015). The investment ratio of Billabong consists of the earning per share. In the year 2014, the company reported a poor investing ratio with poor earnings per share of -1.43 for the financial year of 2014 where as in the year of 2015 the earning per share of the company however improved and moved towards positive scale with 0.02. The company reports the earning per share after adjusting the figure derived from the determination of basic earnings per share. Therefore, it should be noted that the weighted average number of additional ordinary shares is assumed to have been utilised by the company in the conversion of diluted potential ordinary shares. Investment ratio 2014-03 2015-03 Price Earning -0.6713 60.5 The company reports that the basic amount of earning per share is computed through subdivision of profits, which is attributable to the equity holders of the company excluding the cost of servicing equity other than the non-ordinary shares (DoÄÅ ¸an, 2013). The earnings per share of the company is largely based on the weighted average number of the ordinary shares outstanding for the year which is adjusted with the bonus elements for the ordinary shares which is issued during the year after excluding the treasury shares. Investment ratio 2014-03 2015-03 Earnings Per Share SGD -1.43 0.02 Efficiency ratio: The efficiency ratio is used to analyse the procedure employed by the company to use its assets and liabilities internally. An efficiency ratio takes into the consideration the turnover which is receivables from the debtors along with the repayment of liabilities. Efficiency ratio on certain occasion looks to evaluate the cash collection period from the customers and the time it takes to convert the inventory into cash (Bandt et al., 2014). The efficiency ratio of Billabong represents receivables turnover. In the financial year of 2014, the receivable turnover represents 6.26, which considerably increased to 6.61 in the financial year of 2015. The company follows the policy of valuating the receivables at fair value by subsequently measuring the amount at cost on a term of 30 days. On the other hand, efficiency ratio also includes the inventory turnover ratio with 2.49 and 2.7 for the financial year of 2014 and 2015 respectively. The inventory turnover rate was lower in the financial year of 2014 however; it grew to 6.61 for the financial year of 2015, which represents that the inventory is used at a faster rate for production of goods (Cantoni, 2012). The raw materials are determined at cost the company makes the use of First In and First out method in approximating the actual cost involved in inventory. The inventory is largely allocated at cost after subtracting the rebates and discounts. Fixed asset turnover ratio represents the figure of 10.53 and 11.44 for the financial year of 2014 and 2015 respectively. This largely because the assets are carried forward in the accounting year are amortised at cost, representing th e present value of future amount of cash flow. Efficiency Ratio 2014 2015 Asset Turnover 1.27 1.35 Conclusions and findings: The financial statement of the organisation shows a contrasting view that the organisation does have a potential market share. Though the company was under loss for few years however with the implementation of new business policies it has been noticed that there has been an upward rising trend for the company in the parameters of earnings per share and working capital. The earnings per shares is one of the positive factor in terms of revenue growth. The comparative shows that firm is back on the path of progress through extensive research and developments. Thus financial provides a positive indication that company is deriving extra ordinary returns where the leverages (financials) are far above the ground and superlative due to its ROIs (Return on investments) is greater comparative to other relative costs and expense. Recommendations: Speaking considerably about recommendations the operational efficiencies of the company is visibly having enormous spaces to develop and progress that subsequently increase margins. Billabong international should focus and line up its hard work to incorporate its resources with the capability to exploit the corporation vital competencies, potencies and opportunities as well. This will assist the company to achieve its competitive lead and increasing its worth as well as reducing production and management costs. Therefore, the investigation performed under this report suggest that the company should diversify its product line through employing the promotional strategy of its existing product and emphasising the its potential investors to actively participate in the capital raising programme.Strategically, Billabong should protect the brands and to image monetarily. It is worth mentioning that the corporation should sufficiently spotlight on the formation of capital with the help of enhanced innovation and marketing. It is recommended that the company should reorganise its process of research and development approaches in order to remain ahead of its competitors and return to profitability. Reference List: Bandt, D., Camara, B., Pessarossi, P. Rose, M., (2014).Regulatory changes and the cost of equity: evidence from French banks(No. 11). Banque de France. Cantoni, E., (2012). Financial statement analysis and insolvency forecast models: a proposal for local firms.Economia Aziendale Online, (4), pp.1-17. Clor-Proell, S., Koonce, L. White, B., (2015). How do financial statement users evaluate hybrid financial instruments?. Delen, D., Kuzey, C. Uyar, A., (2013). Measuring firm performance using financial ratios: A decision tree approach.Expert Systems with Applications,40(10), pp.3970-3983. DoÄÅ ¸an, M., (2013). Does firm size affect the firm profitability? Evidence from Turkey.Research Journal of Finance and Accounting,4(4), pp.53-59. Kim, S., Kraft, P. Ryan, S.G., (2013). Financial statement comparability and credit risk.Review of Accounting Studies,18(3), pp.783-823. Li, K. Mohanram, P., (2014). Fundamental Analysis: A comparison of Financial Statement Analysis Driven and Intrinsic Value Driven Approaches. Robinson, T.R., Henry, E., Pirie, W.L. Broihahn, M.A., (2015). International financial statement analysis. John Wiley Sons. Sridharan, S.A., (2015). Volatility forecasting using financial statement information.The Accounting Review,90(5), pp.2079-2106. van den End, J.W. Kruidhof, M., (2013). Modelling the liquidity ratio as macroprudential instrument.Journal of Banking Regulation,14(2), pp.91-106.