Ethics Of Computing And The Internet - 1173 Words

Ethics in Computing and the Internet Jorge Zacarias Written Assignment Unit 7 University of the People Inside the topic of health care system ethic is implicit the pregnancy dilemma. This wide topic can include hundreds of pages; herein we are going to cover principal’s data of this essential topic in today’s lives. Pregnancy includes a debate for more than 4 decades and some topics that affect not only mothers even child, there are many dilemmas surrounding this controversial topic, where some argue one specific thing and much other argue another things. The first debate comes around the medication; they divide pregnant into different groups â€Å"Pregnancy and childbirth have become increasingly medicalized in most parts of the world since the early twentieth century. That is, they are increasingly processes that—in fact and as a social ideal—are managed and overseen by medical professionals, typically involve a high degree of technological medical intervention and contact with clinics and hospitals, and are assessed by medical experts who are the authorities on their progress. Amy Mullin explains that medicalized pregnancy â€Å"involves interpreting pregnancy itself as a disruption to health that necessarily requires expert medical intervention, and thinking of pregnancy as primarily about health and illness† (Mullin 2005, 54). The concept of medicalization is helpful in making clear how this sort of insertion into a medical context is not (orShow MoreRelatedEthics Of Computing And The Internet1173 Words à ‚  |  5 Pages Ethics in Computing and the Internet Jorge Zacarias Written Assignment Unit 7 University of the People Inside the topic of health care system ethic is implicit the pregnancy dilemma. This wide topic can include hundreds of pages; herein we are going to cover principal’s data of this essential topic in today’s lives. Pregnancy includes a debate for more than 4 decades and some topics that affect not only mothers even child, there are many dilemmas surrounding this controversialRead MoreCloud Computing And Ethics And Code Of Professional Conduct1253 Words   |  6 PagesCloud computing can be viewed as one of the most rapidly growing and evolving paradigm.Webmail,online storage and online documents are most famous examples in which customers can access their data via web browsers on the internet. The original idea of the cloud computing was delivered by J.C.R Licklider in sixties (Mohamed 2009). Cloud computing has developed since then and started to server the publics after internet offered a significant bandwidth in the nineties (Mohamed 2009). Cloud computingRead MoreEthical Concerns Of Computer Technology1440 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Concerns in Computing A journey down the fine line of ethical concerns in computing. However there is a constant change in nature and in technology. Therefore, change creates a difficulty in what specific moral codes are to be followed when viewing the region of computer technology, moreover it is a necessity that ethics be considered when making decisions in this specific region. Computing or in other words the use or operation of computers (Bowles, M. D. 2013). Has created a whole newRead MoreThe Privacy Of The Internet1737 Words   |  7 PagesIf a casual user of the internet were to Google a search for the word â€Å"privacy† as of June 2015, there would be close to 2 billion hits. Discussions of privacy, piracy and internet breaches are everywhere. The numerous Google hits show there is nearly universal agreement that (1) we have less privacy and more information than we used to, and (2) this is bad.Information itself is, of course, not bad, but as we have witnessed recently, even personnel r ecord maintained by the United States governmentRead MoreEthical Computing: Copying Music or Software from Another Person or over the Internet1338 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Computing: Determining the Ethicacy of Copying Music or Software From Another Person or over the Internet Introduction The pervasive nature of the Internet has made the copying of music and software exceptionally easy, fast and for the most part, undetectable. The ubiquity of the Internet and the speed at which music and software can be copied is also changing the sociological and legal aspects of computing as well (De George, 2006). For the first time the availability of technologyRead MoreEssay about Solution for the IT Security Banking and Ethics807 Words   |  4 PagesIT security banking and ethics There are several solutions for the Islamic banking, IT security and ethics in where their practices should not contradict with the teaching of al-Quran but at the same time implement the technology to improve banking service to the society. Below are the solutions that might be suitable for the banking services to implement Islamic ethics in the business and their security perspectives. What you should do and don’t during practices ethics and security in banking:Read MoreThe Ethics Of Privacy1389 Words   |  6 Pagesdepartment user information. Further, by analyzing both proposals under the lens of applying an ethics of purpose, an ethics of principle, and an ethics of consequence it will be clear as to why the original proposal is the correct course of action in making sure the users are safe and happy while also explaining why the company must breach their own policy. First, to fully comprehend what the ethics of purpose analyses one must first know what the goal of this ethical prosses is, which is to revealRead MoreComputer Ethics Awareness Among University Students Essay895 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction 1.1 Background Computers are the core technology of our times and apparently, the most important technology to be invented and used by man . Without computers and computer networks, especially, the Internet, activities of most organizations, such as banks, schools, government agencies would simply grind to a halt. Modern societys dependence on the use of information technology, make it more vulnerable to computer malfunction caused by unreliable software and to computer misuse (ForresterRead MoreThe Internet, is it a privilege or a necessity?700 Words   |  3 PagesThe Internet, is it a privilege or a necessity? Dyson contends that there is an unequal access to computers because the computer and software industries are being forced to â€Å"upgrade their products constantly and new products remain out of the reach of the poor.† (Dyson, 1997) Barbour’s article simply states, â€Å"once we allow technology to define the good life, we have excluded many important human values from consideration.† (Barbour, 1993) The Internet, is it a privilege or a necessity? For myRead Moregoogle case study Essay645 Words   |  3 Pageswell-built ethics with an eminent founding credo: â€Å"Don’t be Evil†. Honesty and integrity in all they do and their business practices are beyond criticism. They have a motto of making money by doing good things. Offering Prime Online Services: Google adds value by providing tools to the advertisers’ better target their ads and better understand the effectiveness of their marketing. Google Analytics, free to Google’s advertisers, provides a custom report, or dashboard, detailing how Internet users found

Act of Chivalry, Christmas Truce of 1914 - 771 Words

The First World War was known for the inhumane nature of trench warfare and chemical gases. Political figure heads and military officers urged their men to hold strong and fight through the brutal winter conditions. After being living in the trenches for nearly half a year, with constant shells exploding nearby and rounds flying just over head, most men are overcome with the barbaric nature of war, losing all sense of reality. However, there was one event that defied the previous routine enemy interaction. The Christmas Truce of 1914 was one of the greatest acts of chivalry in the last century. The first year of the ‘Great War’, 1914, is reported to be the most deadly of the almost five year period. . Approximately 800,000 men were lost on both Allied and German sides. Towards the end of 1914, the German forces were advancing quickly. Easily taking the smaller countries to their south and making their way toward France. The Allied forces refused to allow the Germans to t ake France as easily as they had the others. Engaging the tactic of trench warfare, the two forces had come to a deadlock in advancement. These muddy trenches were dug into the ground in a strategic system, spanning nearly five hundred miles from the North Sea to the Swiss border (Woodard 18). To say living conditions in these trenches were less than ideal would be an understatement. The soldiers lived in these trenches for months at a time. The frequent rain and snow turned the place into a mud pit. Men

The Disunited States Of America Essay - 1536 Words

Lauren Solouki Mr. Martin AP English Language and Composition June 8, 2016 The Disunited States of America As you walk through the streets of Los Angeles, it is impossible to let the cultural diversity escape you. You can hear snippets of conversations in Hebrew, Farsi, French, Mandarin, and about every other language in existence. This diversity is not just confined within the walls of Los Angeles. It is pervasive throughout the United States. Thomas Paine’s characterization of America in The Rights of Man as a country made up of â€Å"people from different nations, accustomed to different forms and habits of government, speaking different languages, and more different in their modes of worship† still holds to be true in modern times. However, Paine’s assertion that â€Å"by the simple operation of constructing government on the principles of society and the rights of man, every difficulty [that evolves from these differences] retires† no longer applies in today’s world. Though our government has a constitution that upholds these â€Å"principles of so ciety† and â€Å"rights of man,† difficulty has certainly not â€Å"retire(d)†. As Paine’s book proceeds to evaluate the consequences of our society, it fails to capture the struggles that have arisen in our time to face increasing multiculturalism and inequality. America’s united front is beginning to dismantle as inequality and discord increases on the basis of wealth, race, and political partisanship. We have declined in social mobility andShow MoreRelatedTypes Of Governments Of Ancient Greece And Rome970 Words   |  4 PagesAfter removing themselves from under the power of England, the former colonies, now states, were fiercely independent, a trait that was further reinforced by the American Revolution. As such, The Federalist essays oft use many examples based on the types of governments of Ancient Greece and Rome. Such examples were common as during the era, the educated man would be most familiar of these republics in their knowledge of political theory. As such, any arguments made by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay wouldRead MoreThe Legacy Of The New World1639 Words   |  7 Pagesknown as the beginning of America, was occupied by a group of British conquerors willing to impose their traditions, culture, and language on the natives of Jamestown. Many historians, politicians, and influential people, as the Queen of England, have claimed that the first British settlement in Ameri ca was founded by three principles that nowadays govern most of the countries in the world: democracy, equality, and diversity. While a vast number of people agree that America has been strengthened byRead MoreEssay about What Was the Main Reason for Italian Unification1913 Words   |  8 Pagestoday as Italy, back then a disunited group of various states, as a ‘Geographical Expression’. At the time the disunited group of states were economically backwards compared to the rest of Europe, there was little trade between them and a slow developing industry. Despite the disunity amongst the states there had been a growth in Nationalism brought on my French occupation of the states during the Napoleonic era and the Austrian domination of the two most northern states of Lombardy and Venetia. OutRead MoreThe Cold War On The World906 Words   |  4 Pagestime of determination to stop communism in the eyes of the United States. It also was a time for America to better itself a nd finding the flaws within their own Country. There was a policy set up stating that the States would help out any country in need that was being invaded by a communist country. The U.S. came up with this policy in efforts to stop the expansion of communism across the globe. During this period of change, America went through a great amount of change itself; from true equalityRead MoreApush Dbq Essay Civil War870 Words   |  4 PagesThe constant debate over whether America was going to be free or slave led to the inevitability of a civil war. The political tension within the nation surrounding the issue of slavery was ongoing even after a series of compromises. The country was either going to be free or slave and it was evident that the only way to decide this was through a civil war. Through several cases and debates between the views of the North and South, an agreement was still unable to be obtained. The divisions withinRead MoreThe Civil War : America s Most Memorable War 957 Words   |  4 Pageswhich the United States would become a confederate with its own states, or all united under a government that promised that every person was created equally. Which meant that there wouldn’t be any more slavery allowed unless a serious crime was committed that person would become a slave to the government by law. When this law was passed the whole south of America went hysterical because that is where slavery was at its worst. This riot in the south caused a war between the northern states and the southernRead MoreDbq Constitution820 Words   |  4 PagesRatifying the Constitution DBQ â€Å"†¦thirteen powerful, independent, disunited States are in the habit off†¦refusing to obey our national Congress†¦I pray that we can act in time to prevent the bad things we fear may happen.† George Washington wrote this in a letter to John Jay (Doc 3). Even the man who is immediately thought of when talking about the start of our nation thought that without a new set of guidelines to run our country by, the young country would eventually break apart and the fightingRead MoreThe Rartifiation of the Us Constitution1046 Words   |  5 Pagesthe debates over the ratification of the U.S Constitution? In the year 1787, early America, officials and delegates came together to form a constitution that would restore the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation was the attempt at creating a government for the newly independent America. But, it soon became clear that the document was not strong enough to govern America. Therefore, delegates who came to be known as Federalists and Anti-Federalists issued major argumentsRead MoreAlthough New England and the Chesapeake Region Were Both Settled Largely by People of English Origin, by 1700 the Regions Had Evolved Into Two Distinct Societies. Why Did This Difference in Development Occur?889 Words   |  4 PagesThe immigrants from New England were mostly Puritans who believed in a society where there should be no separation between church and state. Their purpose for coming to the â€Å"New World† was because they wanted the freedom to practice their religion without religious persecution. In John Winthropâ €™s sermon,† A city upon the hill,† suggested in Document A, he states, â€Å"God Almighty in his most holy and wise providence hath so disposed of the condition of mankind†¦ we must be knot together in this workRead MoreThe United States And The Cold War Essay1614 Words   |  7 Pagesthat they utilize and the time that they involve them. This was a conflict between the United States of America, and the Soviet Union Socialist Republicans, and the countries that allied themselves to one side or the other. Although for most the cold war commences after the terminus of World War II, it is liable to have its inchoation’s long afore the First World War. In general, a cold war is a state of perpetual conflict where there is no direct military intervention, but actions are taken strategically

Age Of Reason Essay Example For Students

Age Of Reason Essay Stein 2Certain Individuals that lived in the period of time know as the Age of Reason discovered many knew inventions and advancements to improve the quality of life. When experimented with, these advantages brought forth knew ideas to extraordinary people who forever changed the way we look at life. Although many people found these discoveries to bring a great revival to mankind, others rejected these new improvements and felt as if they were defying god. These years were full of discoveries, conflicts, and new visions that of the world. The age of reason brought on many changes to religious, political, scientific, and literary aspects of the eighteenth century. Ever since the beginning of time, religion has been the dominating source of reason. People have turned to prayer and spirituality for a sense of control and understanding in their lives. Not until the years of the age of reason was there an alternative proposed for a better method of interpreting things. This alternative method was science. Although scientific thought spread rapidly, religion was not forgotten. Religion controlled many things science could not. It gave people a sense of why they are here and why things occur. This understanding results in sanity and calmness. During the age of reason, people who kept religion flourishing were Ethan Allen, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, and Patrick Henry. In Thomas Paines The Crisis, No. 1, he uses vivid imagery and rhetorical techniques to persuade the audience into believing his point. Even the expression is impious; for so unlimited a power can belong only to God.(Paine). In Ethan Allens Reason only Oracle of Man, reason is taugh t through the eyes of an oracle, or someone whom God speaks to the people through. A religious revival that flourished around this point in history was called Deism. Deism beliefs differed in many ways than the traditional religions for its major concept was that God spoke through everyone, not only a particular chosen one. Franklin, Paine, and Jefferson all participated as active Deists, abandoning their previous religion from which they were raised. A key aspect that attracted many people to Deism was that its goal was to achieve goodness and prosperity throughout the world. Although this way of thinking seemed to have no faults, there was the share of those who rejected this idea. As rationalism spread in the 1730 and 1740s, a strongly emotional brand of religion, known as the Great Awakening was flourishing. A rationalist point of view was also shared. Reason was interpreted in different ways. As some turned to religion, others turned to a more practical source, which was science. In 1721, when the deadly outbreak of smallpox took place in Boston, Cotton Mather, a great puritan minister and historian, broke boundaries that had never been crossed before. He experimented with chemicals to try to find a cure of this deadly disease. When he finally succeeded, instead of being treated like a hero, he was looked down upon and excluded from the public. The reason for his treatment was because anyone who turned to something other then religion as a source of information was socially unaccepted. Although he was not appreciated at the time, his work and efforts have forever changed the way we look at modern technology. Today, medical advancements and procedures can be greatly contributed to those who thrived in the age of reason. Another founding father of the scientific thought was Sir Isaac Newton. He was determined to gain the knowledge o f the laws of gravity and Stein 3therefore experimented with it. By using such simple tools as an apple tree, he was able to discover just why all things come up must come down. His discoveries made many thinkers suspicious of claims that those laws were ever suspended by God, Another person who marked his place in the age of reason was Benjamin Franklin. Brought up in a religion-dominated family, Franklin explored the field of science with various items. He eventually invented many useful things such as the open stove, bifocals, and the odometer. He also discovered electricity with a kite in a lightning storm. As new scientific thought and religious beliefs spread throughout the world people looked for a sense of control and protection of their homes. Throughout most of these years, the American Revolution caused much chaos, but resulted in a well managed, controlled government. One of the most major political events of the age of reason was the drafting and writing of the declarat ion of independence. Founding fathers of the Declaration of Independence were Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston, and Benjamin Franklin. A famous quote taken from the document reads as follows:We hold these truths to be self evident; that all men are created equal. (Franklin)The advancements made in the political movement of the age of reason are what give the basis and shape of our successful governments today. .uaf86c6aea04ee648fcbc712a7bdefbbf , .uaf86c6aea04ee648fcbc712a7bdefbbf .postImageUrl , .uaf86c6aea04ee648fcbc712a7bdefbbf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaf86c6aea04ee648fcbc712a7bdefbbf , .uaf86c6aea04ee648fcbc712a7bdefbbf:hover , .uaf86c6aea04ee648fcbc712a7bdefbbf:visited , .uaf86c6aea04ee648fcbc712a7bdefbbf:active { border:0!important; } .uaf86c6aea04ee648fcbc712a7bdefbbf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaf86c6aea04ee648fcbc712a7bdefbbf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaf86c6aea04ee648fcbc712a7bdefbbf:active , .uaf86c6aea04ee648fcbc712a7bdefbbf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaf86c6aea04ee648fcbc712a7bdefbbf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaf86c6aea04ee648fcbc712a7bdefbbf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaf86c6aea04ee648fcbc712a7bdefbbf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaf86c6aea04ee648fcbc712a7bdefbbf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaf86c6aea04ee648fcbc712a7bdefbbf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaf86c6aea04ee648fcbc712a7bdefbbf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaf86c6aea04ee648fcbc712a7bdefbbf .uaf86c6aea04ee648fcbc712a7bdefbbf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaf86c6aea04ee648fcbc712a7bdefbbf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Child ABuse EssayThe age of reason also contributed a great literary works. Gaining more common sense, authors were able to use more abstract thinking in their writing and talk about truth rather then fantasy or fiction. Some of the great authors of this time include James Madison and Alexander Hamilton (the Federalist Papers), Franklin and Jeffersons Autobiographies, and Michel Guillaume Jean de Crevecoeur (Letters from an American farmer). As literary works were at their peaks, poetry was on the duller, unoriginal side. It was often written in direct imitations of the British and had no thought or reason behind it. Great poetry would be soon to come in the age of romanti cism. The age of reason brought on many changes to religious, political, scientific, and literary aspects of the eighteenth century. With advancements, improvements and intelligence improving rapidly through everyone who lived at in that time, the age of reason was more of a turning point in the course of history then just a period of time.

Positive Accounting Theory

Question: Write about Positive Accounting Theory (PAT) and you have to mentioned that you gonna support Current Accounting Standard so we don't need new Accounting. Answer: Summary The paper examines the BPs Deepwater Horizon oil spill to illustrate the need for the prior provision of detailed information as required by the public interest theory of accounting. From the BPs Deepwater Horizon oil spills case, BP hoarded the critical ecosystem information to the public to avoid compensation for the damages. This practice went against the Interest Theory consequently delaying payment of damages caused by externality (Herz and Petrone 2004). The BP has underestimated the physical damages by taking the advantage of the challenge of demonstrating causally linked effects. The BP also took the advantage of the then methods of measuring ecosystem services which fell short of a more mature stage. However, the current accounting standards are effective in ensuring that the plaintiffs, government trustees as well as courts enjoy powerful tools for assessing marine liability damages. Abstract The BP failed to disclose the critical accounting information to escape proper payment of damages since the cost are not the same as the benefits. This problem is complicated by the fact that a focus on the restoration cost as a measure of the damages has the possibility of leading to both over-deterrence and under-deterrence depending on the association of restoration cost to the true social cost of the physical damage. BP prevented the plaintiffs, trustees as well as courts from having powerful techniques for active assessment of marine liability damages. The paper stressed the significance of the Interest Theory and Positive Accounting Theory in ensuring that BP disclose the required information. The current accounting standards are efficient to tackle issues in accounting and hence it unnecessary to embrace new Accounting Standards. Introduction The discussion of this paper anchors on the BPs Deepwater Horizon oil spill to showcase the need for prior provision of detailed information as required by the public interest theory of accounting. The failure of BP to provide the required ecosystem information to the public tends to go against the Interest Theory and has derailed the process of settling the damages caused by BP through this externality. BP has failed to give detailed information on the external cost that resulted from the spillages. Accordingly, the BP has underestimated the physical damages taking the advantage of the challenge of demonstrating causally accompanying effects. The BP has taken this advantage to escape proper payment of damages since the cost are not the same as the benefits. This problem is complicated by the fact that a focus on the restoration cost as a measure of the damages has the possibility of leading to both over-deterrence and under-deterrence depending on the association of restoration cost to the true social cost of the physical damage. The BP also took the advantage that the then methods of measuring ecosystem services fell short of a more mature stage, as it is presently, to bar the plaintiffs, trustees as well as courts from having powerful mechanisms for effective assessment of marine liability damages. BP, therefore, benefitted since the then prevailing scientific and economic knowledge restricted technical calculation of damages thereby paving the way for political bargaining. BP optimized this deficiency by neither failing to fully disclose the details of the ecosystem as well as social damages, nor the fundamental computation methodologies of the firms pre-tax charge of US$40.9. Nevertheless, this paper stresses the importance of the Interest Theory and Positive Accounting Theory and how they could have ensured that BP discloses the required information. Accordingly, the paper takes a stance that supports the effectiveness of the current Accounting Standards by showcasing that it is needless to introduce new Accounting Standards. Discussion Interest Theory The Interest Theory posit that regulation is supplied in reaction to the public demand for the correction of the inequitable or inefficient practices in the market. The Interest Theory assumes regulation to benefit the society as an entirety instead of given vested individual interest. The theory regards the regulatory body as the representative of the entire societal interest where it undertakes its operations rather than the individual regulators interests. The Interest Theory is based on certain assumption in its operation. One of these axioms is that markets are extraordinarily delicate and suitable to undertake their operations inequitably and inefficiently if the regulator does not intervene. The theory views the government as an unbiased arbiter to facilitate market operations. The public interest perception hold that governments undertake regulatory activities on banks to enhance the efficient operations of financial institutions by bettering market failures to trigger gains of broader civil society. The theory is sensitive to market fragility and its likelihood of operating in favor of private concerns while neglecting the significance of the society as a whole. Accordingly, it recommends government market intervention to direct and monitor the economic markets. The government intervention focuses on making banks serve the social interest in allocating resources efficiently. It provides that the corporate need to disclose adequate and updated information about their financial performance, and non-financial relevant information including environmental and social impacts (Chua and Taylor 2008). The Interest theory anchors on the rationale to introduce the legislation that mandates the corporate to disclose the impact of their operations on the environment and society. It also advocates for the disclosure of initiatives that corporate embrace to safeguard the society as well as environment from adversarial impacts of their operations. Role of regulators (politicians) Accounting regulation is a product of political processes. However, people raise questions on the perception that financial accounting should be neutral, objective as well as apolitical when practitioners agree that accounting standard-context process is a political process (Chapple and Koh 2007). Nevertheless, the bottom line is that financial accounting impacts the wealth distribution within the society and hence it is a political process. The free market perspective hold that accounting information need to be treated similarly to other goods where the supply and demand forces need to be permitted to operate to produce an optimal supply information regarding the firm. However, pro-regulation viewpoint holds that accounting information needs to be treated as a public good. In this case, once the accounting information is available, the public can utilize it without paying as well pass it on to their colleagues (Whitley 1988). The regulators hold that few people have the incentive to pay for the services and goods in the same way producers will. Consequently, underproduction of information will occur (Kabir 2010). The regulators come in to help alleviate this underproduction phenomenon. Regulation is, therefore, critical to declining the impacts of market failure regarding the accounting information (McMahon, Davies and Bluhm 1994). The existence of a horde of accounting standards in the developed countries that cover a vast cross-section of issues have triggered regulation. Proponents of regulation oppose the free-market mechanism and advocate for regulation for universal methods to enhance comparability as well as safeguard misleading information. Therefore, the public interest theory of regulation help protects the public. Motivations of politicians as regulators The inefficiency and inadequacy of the market motivate the regulators to intervene by being neutral arbiters of the public interest. Since the accounting information is a public good, the producer is unwilling to pay the additional cost of generating the required information leading to under-production of the information. However, since this information is critical to the public, the regulators come in as neutral arbiters to correct the inefficiency and inadequacy in the market (Herz and Petrone 2004). The regulators will make legislations and standards that guide the financial reporting including the disclosure of pertinent information. The availability of this information, for instance, the environmental and ecosystem impacts of a firms operation, allows the regulator to safeguard the interest of the public in case of externalities as witnessed in BPs Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The regulators want to integrate biodiversity as well as ecosystem services metrics into the environmental risk management procedures alongside the information systems of the entire business operating perilous property. They are also inspired to establish more reliable environmental accounting as well as reporting practices to address the corporate environmental performance (Cheney 2001). The regulator also want to make entities adopt an integrated reporting for companies which integrates social, financial, and environmental (non-monetary and monetary) issues thereby generating honest disclosure of integrated performance of entities to the stakeholders. Response to the article by arguing a position I do not agree with the decisions taken by BP to compensate for damages caused by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. BP violated the requirements and goodwill of the Interest Theory by hoarding essential ecosystem information. In this regard, BP did not give the exact demonstration of the social damages that its operation caused to the public making it hard to use technical calculations to arrive at better compensation. The government trustees, therefore, found it tough to vigorously measure the lost ecosystem services and goods (Christenson 1983). If BP could have embraced the Interest Theory provisions, it could have disclosed critical information helpful in assessing the suitability of the extensive amounts charged thereby determining whether there were negative externalities uncounted for by BP. The information could have also help in understanding the amplitude of the efforts of restoration to be carried out about the ecosystem values as well as assets that have been lost or partially diminished. In this regard, the restricted disclosure by BP falls short of providing the stakeholders with the comprehensive picture of the financial environmental as well as the social implication of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. As reflected in Positive Accounting Theory (PAT), the disclosure of accounting information is effective (Klersey, Stunda and Vinson 2005). PAT is helpful in the prediction of actions such as the choices of accounting policies by entities and how firms react to proposed new accounting standards. The PAT is also helpful in the reconciliation of efficient securities market theory with the economic consequences. As reflected in the BPs Deepwater Horizon oil spill, PAT was helpful in the minimization of political heat. PAT hold that the severe the political cost a firm faces, the most probable that a manager is to embrace accounting procedures which defer reported earnings from current to the future. BP made policy choices that helped it minimize the contracting cost as well as accounting policies. PAT aligns to the current effective accounting standards such as AAS 16 which details the reporting and disclosure requirements of the information (McMahon, Davies and Bluhm 1994). It advocates for the disclosure of up-to-date status as well as trends of the ecosystem within which BP undertakes its operation. This is essential in ensuring that stakeholders possess strong ecological reference points before the occurrence of any potential accident, like oil spillage. The current accounting standards are effective, and there is no need for new standards. The standards such as AAS 15 and AAS 16 have comprehensively detailed disclosure and reporting requirements. The standards provide for social and ecological externalities of the BP including the accidents on water consumption, climate regulation as well as biodiversity. In this case, the currently available accounting standards only need proper implementation based on goodwill rather than introducing new standards to solve the cases regarding externalities due to inadequate disclosure as reflected in BPs Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Conclusion BP benefitted because the prevailing scientific and economic knowledge restricted technical calculation of damages thereby giving room for political bargaining. BP exploited this deficit by neither failing to disclose the details of the ecosystem as well as social damages, nor the underlying computation methodologies of the firm's pre-tax charge of US$40.9. The paper has emphasized the position of the Interest Theory and Positive Accounting Theory in the facilitation of both disclosure and financial reporting. It demonstrated that BP did not disclose the required information (Nagy 2001). The paper supports the effectiveness of the current Accounting Standards and hence it is needless to introduce new Accounting Standards. References Chapple, L.J. and Koh, B., 2007. Regulatory responses to auditor independence dilemmaswho takes the stronger line?. Australian Journal of Corporate Law, 21(1), pp.1-21. Cheney, G., 2001. Creating a corporate conscience: New role of non-financial reports. Accounting Today, 15(7), pp.3-4. Christenson, C., 1983. The methodology of positive accounting. Accounting Review, pp.1-22. Chua, W.F. and Taylor, S.L., 2008. The rise and rise of IFRS: An examination of IFRS diffusion. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 27(6), pp.462-473. Herz, R.H. and Petrone, K.R., 2004. Internaitonal Convergence of Accounting Standards-Perspectives from the FASB on Challenges and Opportunities. Nw. J. Int'l L. Bus., 25, p.631. Kabir, H., 2010. Positive accounting theory and science. Journal of Centrum Cathedra, 3(2), pp.136-149. Klersey, G., Stunda, R.A. and Vinson, R.E., 2005. The Effect of Derivative usage on Security Returns. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies, pp.123-129. McMahon, R.G., Davies, L.G. and Bluhm, N.M., 1994. Exploratory modelling of financial reporting and analysis practices in small growth enterprises. The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance, 3(3), p.199. Nagy, J., 2001, January. The emergence of the public sector expectations gap. In International Conference-Accounting, Auditing Management in Public Sector Reforms, Zaragoza (Espagne), 79 September 2000, EIASM (pp. 459-475). Perry, J. and Nelke, A., 2005. International accounting standard setting: A network approach. Business and Politics, 7(3). Ruder, D.S., Canfield, C.T. and Hollister, H.T., 2004. Creation of world wide accounting standards: convergence and independence. Nw. J. Int'l L. Bus., 25, p.513. Schaub, A., 2004. Use of International Accounting Standards in the European Union, The. Nw. J. Int'l L. Bus., 25, p.609. Sennetti, J. and Litt, B., 2013. Persuasion as a Prelude to Proof: Theory Acceptance in Accounting Research. Advances in Business Research, 4(1), pp.54-67. Tweedie, D. and Seidenstein, T.R., 2004. Setting a global standard: The case for accounting convergence. Nw. J. Int'l L. Bus., 25, p.589. Watts, R.L. and Zimmerman, J.L., 1986. Positive accounting theory. Watts, R.L. and Zimmerman, J.L., 1990. Positive accounting theory: a ten year perspective. Accounting review, pp.131-156. Whitley, R.D., 1988. The possibility and utility of positive accounting theory. Accounting, organizations and Society, 13(6), pp.631-645.

Weight loss systems

Introduction Obesity is one of the major health problems in the world. This problem occurs due to a variety of reasons, one of them being the diet of the affected person. Although a balance of a check on the causes of obesity is required for a person to lose weight, this paper focuses on the dietary approaches to weight loss.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Weight loss systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Weight loss system Most obese people struggle the whole of their lives trying to lose weight due to application of ineffective weight loss systems. These systems are mostly ineffective due to the little emphasis they put on dietary weight loss methods. This is because, most obese people have a consumption problem and thus for a weight loss programme to be effective, dietary methods should be highly considered and the client must ensure that he/she abides to them. In order to effectively shed off wei ght, it is necessary to watch what one eats. This is as opposed to the common belief that some diets like weight watchers and the Atkins are able to make a person lose weight effortlessly. Watching one’s diet is necessary in order to ensure a long term effect on the weight and health of the client. Highly fatty foods as well as sweets and soft drinks should be avoided as much as possible (Kalat, 2009, p. 314). The client should also ensure that he/she only eats when driven by hunger. This is as opposed to some consumption habits in some people which are driven by cravings, the good taste of food, depression etc. Such people are highly likely to have unhealthy weight and they are also likely to have a problem obeying weight loss programmes. If the client is such a person, he/she she will be in dire need of a therapeutic intervention to help in changing his/her motivation to eat and the system will easily help him/her. In addition to the diet, there is need for the client to ma intain a positive attitude towards the weight loss system. The client should have faith that after applying the suggestions of the system, he/she will definitely lose weight. This mental state is very important since it controls the secretion of hormones which could be very substantial in helping the client to lose weight. Furthermore, eating, drinking and their satiation effects are depended on a person’s psychology. If a person believes that he has to take three pizzas before he is satisfied, he will most likely not be satisfied after taking one pizza (Kalat, 2009, p. 544). It is therefore apparent that psychological control is essential in a weight loss system. In summary, a weight loss system should be aimed at helping the client control his/her bad eating habits, suggesting healthy diets that he/she likes and helping him/her control his/her psychology in relation to eating habits.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help yo u! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Evaluation of the weight loss system The weight loss system discussed above is bound to achieve effective results due to the following reasons: the programme addresses a number of eating habits that are responsible for weight gain in most obese people and thus if an obese person or a person wishing to lose weight follows the guidelines of the programme obediently, the programme is bound to achieve its objectives. Secondly, the programme addresses a number of factors which may make a client fail to observe its guidelines well (Glenville, 2010, p. 1). This enables people to be aware of the possible factors that may hinder them from achieving their desirable weight and thus they are prepared to observe the guidelines of the programme even in hardships. The system is bound to have a permanent effect on the person who applies it because it teaches skills to help the person wishing to shed off weight skills to maintain weight after applying the system. It is also realistic since it highly considers the taste of the person wishing to lose weight and thus its success can be guaranteed since the person will be, arguably, comfortable with the diet suggested by the programme (Iannelli, 2003, p. 1). I would highly recommend this programme due to its near assurance of weight loss and its characteristic sustainability. It is a good system which is likely to have no adverse effects on the life of the client and thus the client will comfortably lose weight. The programme can also be improved by incorporating the idea of exercise to its activities in order to help the client to incorporate a variety of weight loss efforts in the same system (Glenville, 2010, p. 1). Conclusion From the discussion above, it is apparent that a weight loss programme has to have three key components for it to be effective. These are diet control, psychological control and exercise. Although much emphasis is put on the control of a person†™s diet, exercises are equally important and a diet-based weight control programme is likely to have short term effects only if it does not incorporate exercises. In a nutshell, obese people wishing to lose weight should ensure that they cultivate a great deal of self control. Reference List Glenville, M. (2010). How to lose weight naturally. Retrieved from https://www.marilynglenville.com/ Iannelli, V. (2003). Weight Management Guide. Retrieved from https://www.verywellfamily.com/weight-management-guide-2632244Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Weight loss systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kalat, J. (2009). Biological Psychology. United States. Barnes Noble. This research paper on Weight loss systems was written and submitted by user Matteo Gallegos to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Death Penalty Essays (1779 words) - Curley V. NAMBLA, Lawsuits

Death Penalty Essays (1779 words) - Curley V. NAMBLA, Lawsuits Death Penalty In our understandable desire to be fair and to protect the rights of offenders in our criminal justice system, let us never ignore or minimize the rights of their victims. The death penalty is a necessary tool that reaffirms the sanctity of human life while assuring that convicted killers will never again prey upon others. Through the death penalty many families of victims find solace and retribution by seeking to put an end to it all; the sleepless nights, the terrifying nightmares of what their son, daughter, wife, husband, sister, brother, aunt, uncle, cousin or friend went through and the constant reminder of why their loved ones arent with them. In June 1997, a parade of witnesses at the trial of Timothy McVeigh, the Oklahoma City bomber, described the explosions impact on their lives. Survivors of the blast expressed their belief that killing McVeigh would be justified, given their loss, and many expressed their fury. The sooner McVeigh meets his maker, the sooner justice will be served, said Darlene Welch, whose 4-year-old niece, Ashley, was killed in the blast. He will get what he deserves in the afterlife, where he will meet Hitler and Jeffrey Dahmer, says Ernie Ross, who suffered serious injuries from the blast while working across the street. He deserves the death penalty, theres no doubt about that. This would seem to be what Americans want. In poll after poll, more than 70% say they support the death penalty, a figure that has remained consistent for the past decade. But increasingly, another argument for the death penalty is being voiced, one far more basic. It centers not on the criminals debt to society but on the right of a victims loved ones to gain peace of mind through his death. The right, in other words, would be therapeutic vengeance. Death-penalty opponents have traditionally viewed this kind of personal retribution as barbaric. But isnt bringing solace to a victim and their family a legitimate justification for the death penalty? And is nt providing solace a powerful form of compensation? On the afternoon of October 1, 1997, 10-year-old Jeffrey Curley told his grandmother, I have to go do something. Ill be back in a little while. Then he left her house in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His grandmother would be the last one to see him alive. When Curley did not come home that night, his family, their neighbors and police organized a huge search. They also distributed flyers with the boys picture on it. The next day Salvatore Sicari, Curleys neighbor and adult friend, arrived at the Curleys home with a handful of the flyers. He expressed his concern over the boys disappearance and offered his assistance. Sicari also began to speak to Cambridge police, offering bits of information. Sicari told police that he had last seen Curley on the morning of October 1, when Curley had apparently threatened him with his dog. Sicari said that he told Curley that he would kill the dog if the boy didnt stop. After that encounter, Sicari s aid he met up with Charles Jaynes. Sicari told authorities that he had seen Curley riding in Jaynes Cadillac in the past. He also claimed that Jaynes had promised Curley a bicycle. He had warned Curley to stay away from Jaynes. Cambridge police contacted Jaynes on October 2. While he denied knowing Curley, he was arrested on an outstanding warrant and taken into custody. In Jaynes wallet, police found four receipts for items purchased with a credit card bearing his fathers name: Edward Jaynes. The items included a receipt from Bradlees for a Rubbermaid container, a receipt from Home Depot for cement and lime, a receipt for a bicycle and a receipt from an Osco Drug Store for cigars and caffeine pills. All of these purchases were made on the day of Curleys disappearance. When questioned, Jaynes said that he knew Curley, but denied seeing him on the day the boy disappeared. Sicari was contacted again by Cambridge police and continued to provide details. In his statement, Sicari describ ed the killing. While he drove Jaynes Cadillac, he explained, the 250-pound Jaynes sat on Curley in the back seat. As Curley struggled, Jaynes allegedly told him, Dont fight